Subjective Factors Influencing the Residents’ Happiness during the Leisure Activities in the Metropolises

Abstract

Enhancing subjective well-being and happiness of citizens is often among the main tasks of governments and policy makers. However, understanding the factors that contribute to urban happiness is quite difficult given the complexity and subjective nature of the notion. Previous studies have highlighted the direct impact of urban recreational environments on happiness, but only few have investigated the subjective factors influencing it. The suggested comprehensive exploration of these factors provides a broad landscape of effects on urban happiness. Based on surveys of permanent residents of selected metropolises, this paper established a theoretical framework for understanding the direct and indirect effects of urban leisure activities on subjective happiness, applying the well-being valuation method. The analysis of factors influencing the happiness and satisfaction of urban residents was carried out using logistical models. The results, based on 2,000 samples, show that subjective experiences are strongly influenced by situational variables. Improved access to public transport and supplementary services, as well as awareness of access to leisure activities is generally beneficial to improving happiness itself. The conclusions provide insights into the further improvement of the quality of life of citizens and the design of urban development under conditions of rapid urbanization. The practical impact on public/community managers and policy makers is also discussed.